Cover crops on prevented planting acres

By Alan Sundermeier, Ohio State University Extension

Those fields that never dried out to allow crop planting and now qualify as “Prevented Planting” should determine agronomic options to make the best out of this situation.

Producers are advised to check with their crop insurance company and Farm Service Agency on harvest restrictions for cover crops.  Harvest of cover crops may not be allowed until after November 1.

If a burndown or residual pre-emergence herbicide was applied earlier this spring, then check the label for restrictions on planting subsequent crops.

A cover crop will help restore the soil tilth and protect the soil from further wind or water erosion.

Germination of summer seeded cover crops will be improved if drilled versus broadcast.  If hot, dry weather occurs after seeding, a drilled seed has a better chance of establishment.

To prevent cover crops from forming viable seed, mowing or herbicide applications may be needed.  This will ensure that cover crops will not reseed and interfere with next year’s grain crop.  Cost estimates for seeding and managing cover crops should be done so producers are aware of these input expenses.

Will wheat be planted in fall 2010?  If so, there is limited time for cover crop growth and benefit, therefore cover crop expenses should be minimized.  Buckwheat, millet, or sudangrass may be the best options in this timeframe.  Be sure to mow the buckwheat before seed set occurs to prevent unwanted carryover seed.

Cover crops recommended where wheat will not be planted.

A mixture of cover crops will ensure that something will fill in over variable soil types and conditions.  Having summer and fall for growth will allow deeper rooting and more time for nitrogen fixation.  Therefore, mixtures which include radish, legume, and a grass species will provide the best overall soil improvement desired, such as compaction correction.  Be aware that planting seeds of different sizes may require using a small seeder attachment on a drill for clover and radish seed.   Radish may bolt when planted mid-summer, so mowing will prevent seed formation.  Radish scavenge nitrogen, form deep taproots to relieve compaction, and compete well with annual weeds.

Cowpea is a summer seeded legume which does better under hot, dry growing conditions. Crimson clover and Berseem clover can also be summer seeded if moisture is not limited.  Winter pea/field pea and Hairy Vetch establish better after August 1.

Oats and cereal rye can also be added as a grass species.   These are best planted after August 1.